Aichi AB-4

The Aichi AB-4 was a Japanese flying boat of the 1930s. A single engined biplane, the AB-4 was intended to carry out night reconnaissance for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Six were built and accepted into service as the Experimental 6-''Shi'' Night Reconnaissance Flying boat, three of which were converted to civil transports.

Development and design

In 1931, the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed the Aichi Tokei Denki Seizo KK. (Aichi Watch and Electric Machinery Company, Ltd), who had been involved in aircraft manufacture, particularly for the Navy, since 1920, to design a small catapult-launched night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to observe nocturnal shipping movements, spot naval gunfire during night engagements and to direct friendly submarines.Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp.70–71. The resulting design, designated AB-4 ("Aichi Biplane") by Aichi was a single-engined pusher biplane flying boat of all-metal construction. Its single-bay wings folded backwards for storage aboard ship, while its crew of three were housed in open cockpits. It was powered by a single Gasuden Urakaze water-cooled six-cylinder inline engine driving a two blade propeller.

The first prototype flew in May 1932, and while handling was generally good, it had poor control during take-off and landing, and a poor view for the pilot. Despite this, a further five prototypes were ordered for evaluation.

Operational history

The six prototypes, designated Experimental 6-''Shi'' Night Reconnaissance Flying BoatIn the Japanese Navy designation system, specifications were given a ''Shi'' number based on the year of the Emperor's reign the specification was issued. In this case 6-''Shi'' stood for 1931. were subject to extensive testing and evaluation by the Japanese Navy. While the Navy decided not to order further production of the AB-4, it had a continued requirement for a dedicated night reconnaissance aircraft, which resulted in the Specification that led to the Aichi E10A, which entered service in 1936.Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp.76–77.

In 1935, three of the six AB-4s were sold to the Japanese Airline '' Nippon Koku Yuso Kenkyusho'', (NKYK). The first aircraft was converted to a cargo transport, while the second and third aircraft were converted to passenger airliners, with the pilot's cockpit moved to the extreme nose (replacing the existing gunners position) and an enclosed passenger cabin, for five and six passengers respectively, added. The third prototype replaced the Gasuden engine with a more powerful Napier Lion.Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp.71–72.

The three AB-4s were used by NKYK in scheduled services from Osaka, and for sightseeing flights. One crashed into a factory chimney on 27 May 1937, killing all five aboard.Mikesh and Abe 1990, p.72.

Specifications (Experimental 6-Shi Night Reconnaissance Flying boat)

See also

References

*Mikesh, Robert and Abe, Shorzoe. ''Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941''. London:Putnam, 1990. .

External links

Aichi AB-4 Transport Flying boat
(Japanese Language)
{{Aichi Aircraft

1930s Japanese military reconnaissance aircraft
1930s Japanese airliners
Flying boats
AB-4
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1932